Solution:

The Francis turbine is also called the Francis turbine. The water flows radially from the surrounding into the runner, and then flows out of the runner approximately axially. The runner consists of the upper crown, the lower ring and the blades. The Francis turbine is compact, efficient, and adaptable to a wide range of water heads. It is one of the most widely used turbine types in the world.
1. Suitable for the head range of 10m~500m.
2. The output range is 0.5MW~100MW.
3. With high efficiency and low cavitation characteristics.
4. The application of the Francis turbine is very wide. Compared with the impact turbine, it has higher specific speed, smaller unit size, lower cost, full utilization of the water head and high efficiency at full load (2% higher than that of the water bucket turbine).

Solution:

The axial flow turbine runner is composed of a runner body, a blade and a water discharge cone. The number of blades is less than that of the mixed flow type, and the blade axis is perpendicular to the axis of the turbine. It is suitable for hydropower stations with medium and low heads and large flow. The flow of water changes from radial flow to axial flow between the vanes and the runner, while in the runner region, the flow of water remains axial.
1. Suitable for the head range of 2m~45m.
2. The output range is 0.5MW~50MW.
3. It has higher specific speed and strong overcurrent capability. Under the same conditions, the output is large.
4. The propeller type can automatically adjust the blade angle with the change of the head and load, and has a wide high efficiency zone.

Solution:

A cross-flow turbine is a horizontal-shaft turbine in which water flows substantially along a horizontal axis in a flow passage. It is a special type of low-head, high-flow hydropower station. Since the water flow moves substantially in the axial direction in the flow passage and does not turn, the water passing capacity and hydraulic efficiency of the unit can be improved. It is especially suitable for tidal power stations. Its two-way power generation, two-way pumping and two-way water discharge are suitable for comprehensive utilization of low head hydraulic resources. Tubular turbines are suitable for low head applications with high efficiency and low investment.
1. Suitable head range is 1m~30m.
2. The output range is 0.5MW~30MW.
3. Because of its good flow characteristics, the cross-flow unit has high specific speed, large over-current capability and wide high-efficiency area. The efficiency is 1~2% higher than that of the vertical rotary unit.
4. The cross-flow unit has no volute, so the unit spacing is small and the plant area is reduced.
5. The unit is a horizontal axis, the amount of excavation is small, the shape of the flow channel is also simple, and the amount of civil engineering is not only small but also convenient for construction. From the perspective of overall economic benefits, power plant investment is reduced by about 20% compared to vertical rotary reactors.

Solution: